بسترهای موثر در شکل گیری اعتیاد در ایران با مرور نظام مند مطالعه های پیشین با روش فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

زمینه: اعتیاد به مواد­مخدر به عنوان یکی از مسائل پیچیده اجتماعی در عصر حاضر است که زمینه­ ساز بروز بسیاری از آسیب­ها و انحراف­های اجتماعی است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل فراترکیب بسترهای مؤثر در شکل­ گیری اعتیاد در ایران با مرور نظام­ مند مطالعه ­های پیشین انجام شد.
روش: بدین منظور از رویکرد کیفی و رویکرد فراترکیب استفاده شد. اسناد مورد مطالعه با استفاده از جستجوی کلیدواژه ­های مرتبط اعتیاد و مصرف موادمخدر در بازه­زمانی بین سال­های 1395 تا 1403 در پایگاه­های داده Civilica،SID, magiran  و فصلنامه اعتیاد پژوهی گردآوری شد. ارزیابی کیفیت نتایج (روایی) از طریق مشورت با چندین نفر خبره و ارزیابی پایایی با استفاده از شاخص کاپا صورت گرفت.
یافته ­ها: با بررسی 41 مقاله از 3292 مقاله­ی اولیه مشخص گردیدکه بسترهای زمینه ­ساز (فردی (جسمی)، فردی (روانی، خانوادگی)؛ بسترهای آشکارساز­ (بین ­فردی، همسالان، محیطی و عاطفی)؛ بسترهای تداوم ­بخش­(فرهنگی، اجتماعی، اقتصادی (شغلی)، معنوی-اعتقادی)؛ بسترهای تشدیدکننده (مهارتی و عادتی، درمان­ های پیشگیرانه، آموزشی) در شکل ­گیری اعتیاد و مصرف موادمخدر بر اساس پژوهش­ های قبلی نقش دارند که هر کدام از این مؤلفه ­ها و مقوله­ ها در برگیرنده مفاهیم متعددی بودند.
نتیجه­ گیری: نتیجه ­گیری می­شود که بر اساس پژوهش ­های مختلف عوامل مختلف و متعددی در اعتیاد و مصرف موادمخدر نقش دارند که با شناسایی این عوامل می­توان زمینه پیشگیری از اعتیاد را فراهم نمود و همچنین با مشخص شدن آن­ها می­توان آگاهی و شناخت جامعی برای بسترها و علل تأثیرگذار درشکل گیری اعتیاد و مصرف موادمخدر ارائه داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effective platforms in the formation of addiction in Iran through a systematic review of previous studies using the meta-synthesis method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohamad Khaledian
  • Banafshe Hasanvand
Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background: Drug addiction are one of the complex social issues of the present era that is the basis for many social harms and deviations. The present study aimed to design a meta-synthesis model of effective contexts in the formation of addiction in Iran by systematically reviewing previous studies.
Method: For this purpose, a qualitative approach and a meta-synthesis approach were used. The documents under study were collected by searching for keywords related to addiction and drug use in the period between 2016 and 2024 in the Civilica, SID, magiran, and Addiction Research Quarterly databases. The quality assessment of the results (validity) was carried out by consulting with several experts and reliability assessment using the kappa coefficient.
Results: That by examining 41 articles out of 3292 initial articles, it was determined that the underlying contexts (individual (physical), individual (psychological), family); revealing contexts (interpersonal, peer, environmental and emotional); sustaining contexts (cultural, social, economic (occupational), spiritual-belief); intensifying contexts (skill and habit, preventive treatments, educational) play a role in the formation of addiction and drug use based on previous research, each of these components and categories included multiple concepts.
Conclusion: It is concluded that, based on various studies, various and numerous factors play a role in addiction and drug use. By identifying these factors, it is possible to provide a basis for preventing addiction. By identifying them, it is also possible to provide comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the contexts and causes that influence the formation of addiction and drug use.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • addiction
  • drug use
  • meta-synthesis
  • Qualitative approach
  • preventive treatments

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 13 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 تیر 1405

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