Introduction: Marital burnout is one of the common challenges in couple relationships that can exert substantial negative effects on mental health and family quality of life, particularly in military families. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a structural model of marital burnout based on pursuing–distancing and loneliness, with spiritual well-being as a mediating factor. Methods: The study population included all military families in Semnan in 2024-2025. A purposive sampling method was used to select 271 participants. The instruments employed were the Marital Burnout Questionnaire (Pines, 1996), the Pursuing-Distancing scale (Bernstein,et al,1985), UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russel , 1996), Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Paloutzian &Ellison,1982). Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with a path-analysis approach. Results: The findings indicated that pursuing (β=0.144), distancing (β=0.226), and loneliness (β=0.390) had significant positive direct effects on marital burnout (P<0.001). Additionally, Spiritual well-being played a significant mediating role in the relationships between distancing (β=0.095), and loneliness (β=0.218) with marital burnout (P<0.001), However, its mediating role between pursuing (β=0.037) and marital burnout was not significant (P>0.05). Model fit indices showed that the final model demonstrated an acceptable fit with the collected data. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide a conceptual and theoretical framework for identifying potential antecedents of marital burnout in military families. This framework is based on pursuing–distancing, loneliness, and spiritual well-being, and it can help recognize predictors of marital burnout before the onset of burnout and emotional divorce, while also contributing to the enrichment of the literature in this field.